The young lad joins from Ipdswich Town where he's yet to make a first team appearance.
Robinson admits he can't wait for his first experience of senior football: "I'm really looking forward to going up there.
"Hopefully, it will be a chance for me to be involved at first team level and that's what I need now, the opportunity to push on and gain league experience."
Northampton boss Stuart Gray has been tracking the 19-year-old Essex boy for after missing much of last season with an ankle problem.
Gray said: "Kurt is a good, solid full-back who we have watched a number of times in reserve team football."
Robinson is available for selection for the League game against Colchester on Saturday.